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| 1740 |
| | | Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador become the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, with Bogota as the capital | |
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| 1746 |
| | | An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao | |
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| 1759 |
| | | The Portuguese expel the Jesuits from Brazil, beginning a widespread reaction against the order in Catholic Europe | |
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| 1761 |
| | | John Harrison's fourth chronometer is only five seconds out at the end of a test journey from England to Jamaica | |
|  | Harrison's 1st Marine Timekeeper
National Maritime Museum
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| 1763 |
| | | The capital of the Portuguese colony of Brazil is moved from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro | |
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| 1764 |
| | | A French expedition from St Malo, founding a colony on East Falkland, name the islands Les Îsles Malouines | |
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| c. 1770 |
| | | The triangular trade, controlled from Liverpool, ships millions of Africans across the Atlantic as slaves | |
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| 1774 |
| | | The Spanish, now in sole occupation of the Falkland Islands, call them Las Islas Malvinas | |
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| 1776 |
| | | Spanish America is now administered as four viceroyalties - New Spain, New Granada, New Peru and La Plata | |
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| 1776 |
| | | Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata | |
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